By Wolfgang Zank
For many years North Africa and the center East were parts of overlapping identities and integration strategies. The nations of North Africa, except Morocco, have supported the re-launch of pan-Africanism within the type of the African Union and its starting to be institutionalisation. however the nations of North Africa percentage additionally an Arab identification and are contributors of the Arab League. Islamism instructions huge aid one of the inhabitants at huge. In Turkey, a average Islamist occasion is even in govt. however the nations within the zone have additionally skilled a becoming impression of eu integration in quite a few kinds. at times (e.g. Morocco or Tunisia) the cooperation is particularly shut. Turkey has even been known as a candidate kingdom, its executive works actively to make the rustic meet the european club criteria.This finished quantity asks the query to what volume those quite a few identities and integration methods have compatibility, or even if and to what quantity they're in clash. It unites contributions from numerous nations which discover those difficulties from diverse views.
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33 In Morocco, secular and Islamist civil society organizations cooperated in order to make the government more accountable on issues such as the protection of human rights for political prisoners and freedom of the press (Cavatorta 2006). In E gypt, the “Islamists are part of the pro-democracy Kifaya coalition” (Pratt 2007, 134), which includes a number of secular, liberal and leftist associations and personalities. In addition, E gypt has a history of co-operation between the Muslim Brotherhood and some leftist parties (Pratt 2007).
K. (2004), “E xplaining the Clash and A ccommodation of Interests of Major A ctors in the Creation of the A frican Union”, African Affairs, 103, pp. 249–67. dk/research/2012439>. This page has been left blank intentionally Chapter 2 A Clash of Civilizations inside the MENA Countries? Islamist versus S ecular Civil S ociety and the F ailure of Pro-democracy Policies F rancesco Cavatorta Introduction In a seminal article from 2003, Kupchan convincingly argued that “A merica today arguably has greater ability to shape the future of world politics than any other power in history” (Kupchan 2003, 205).
The E uropean N eighbourhood Policy) would resolve the glaring contradictions between goals and tactics that characterize such institutional arrangements. Both strategies, either by error or by design, neglect a number of important domestic factors that explain not only why they fail to generate sufficient momentum for genuine processes of transition to democracy, but are actually detrimental to their occurrence. T his paper focuses its attention on the promotion of civil society activism on the part of external actors in an effort not only to provoke change, but also with the objective of demonstrating that there is no A Clash of Civilizations inside the MENA Countries?